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Theory-Based Models

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Macro by Mark

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Theory-Based Models

Intermediatephase path

Solow Growth Model

A long-run growth framework linking saving, depreciation, population growth, and productivity to the steady-state capital stock and output path.

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Overview

A growth framework for tracking how capital accumulation converges, and how Golden Rule, AK, MRW, and Malthusian variants change the story.

Core question

How do saving and break-even forces shape long-run capital and output?

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Variables

kkk

Capital per effective worker

The central Solow state variable.

yyy

Output per effective worker

Produced from capital and productivity.

sss

Saving rate

Share of output devoted to accumulation.

Assumptions

The baseline Solow branch has diminishing returns to capital.

AK is the special branch that removes that property.

Population growth, technology growth, and depreciation form the break-even drain.

Steady state sits where saving and break-even needs match.

Parameters

sss

Saving rate

Core

Fraction of output saved and invested.

ααα

Capital share

Core

Curvature of the production function.

AAA

Productivity

Core

Technology level in production.

nnn

Population growth

Break-even

Growth in labor input.

ggg

Technology growth

Break-even

Growth in labor-augmenting technology.

δδδ

Depreciation

Break-even

Capital wear and replacement needs.

k0k_0k0​

Current capital

State

Starting capital stock for the transition path.

shs_hsh​

Human-capital saving

Variant branches

MRW branch saving share for human capital.

βββ

Human-capital share

Variant branches

MRW production contribution of human capital.

TTT

Land endowment

Variant branches

Fixed land available in the Malthusian branch.

θθθ

Land share

Variant branches

Importance of fixed land in the Malthusian branch.

yˉsubȳ_{sub}yˉ​sub​

Subsistence income

Variant branches

Target income per person in the Malthusian branch.

φφφ

Population response

Variant branches

Sensitivity of demographic change to income gaps.

h0h_0h0​

Current human capital

Variant branches

Starting human-capital stock for MRW paths.

Shock presets

Higher saving

Raises the saving schedule and pushes the steady state outward.

Productivity boost

Raises output and the saving schedule.

Demographic drag

Raises the break-even requirement.

Presets

BaselineGolden RuleAKMRWMalthusian

Intermediate

Solow Growth

How do saving and break-even forces shape long-run capital and output?

growthpolicy
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